{"id":4033,"date":"2023-01-12T14:10:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T13:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insights.ieseg.fr\/?p=4033"},"modified":"2024-04-05T11:43:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T09:43:57","slug":"after-bolsonaro-supporters-siege-in-brasilia-lula-must-reunite-society-and-his-approach-could-not-be-more-different-than-his-predecessors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insights.ieseg.fr\/en\/resource-center\/management-society\/after-bolsonaro-supporters-siege-in-brasilia-lula-must-reunite-society-and-his-approach-could-not-be-more-different-than-his-predecessors\/","title":{"rendered":"After Bolsonaro supporters\u2019 siege in Brasilia, Lula must reunite society \u2013 and his approach could not be more different than his predecessor\u2019s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On 8 January, thousands of supporters of Brazil\u2019s defeated former president, Jair Bolsonaro, stormed the country\u2019s Congress, Supreme Court, and presidential offices<\/a>, rallying against what they falsely claim was a rigged election<\/a>. The scenes, which took place almost exactly two years after the US Capitol attack on 6 January 2021, when thousands of Donald Trump backers illegally entered the Washington building, are a sign of the immense challenge that Lula faces as he seeks to reunite a sharply divided society just a week into administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his inauguration speech on 1 January, President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva spoke alongside an Indian chief, a disabled boy and a metal worker, explicitly and implicitly putting inclusion and social unity at the centre of his agenda. As a scholar studying intergroup relations and discrimination in Brazil, I can attest that Lula\u2019s approach will radically differ from Bolsonaro\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colourblind and multicultural approaches to diversity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since Bolsonaro took office in 2019, the number of invasions of indigenous lands has almost tripled<\/a>. Brazil also has one the world\u2019s highest number of homicides against the asexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans population<\/a>, with at least 300 people suffering violent deaths<\/a> (murders and suicides) in 2021 alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At an ideological level, the former president\u2019s approach toward minorities \u2013 racial minorities such as black Brazilians and indigenous population, poor residents of Brazilian favelas and the LGBTQIA+ population \u2013 can be summed up with the concept of \u201ccolourblindness\u201d. In 2008, Bolsonaro quite literally appeared alongside campaigners donning a T-shirt labelled \u201cMinha cor \u00e9 o Brasil\u201d \u2013 \u201cMy colour is Brasil\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to current research<\/a>, \u201ccolourblindness\u201d involves ignoring differences within groups based on race, sexual orientation, ethnicity or other factors. Such a social-psychology approach argues that equality among groups is best gained by downplaying distinctions and treating people as unique individuals. Lula, by contrast, champions a multicultural strategy<\/a>, aiming to recognise and value all the differences between these diverse groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \u201ccolourblind\u201d Brazil under Bolsonaro\u2019s administration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

During his mandate, Bolsonaro articulated the vision of a homogenous, colourblind society with no particular racial, ethnic or sexual orientation, or other social group differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly, studies show<\/a> that individuals from dominant groups tend to lobby for colourblindness<\/a> as they may see it as a means of maintaining their privileges<\/a> over marginalised groups. They may have a point: scholars have long established<\/a> that public policies that ignore group differences may hinder initiatives that seek to address injustices against the most vulnerable or stigmatised groups. In Brazil, this would translate into a status quo where white privileged heterosexual men will maintain their grip over power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact, leaders who favour colourblindness policies tend to minimise racial discrimination<\/a> and the need to protect minority groups. For all of the denials, there was an anti-blackness streak<\/a> to the Bolsonaro administration. In its annual study, the national confederation of Quilombolas<\/em> (descendants of traditional runaway-slave communities) documented 16 instances of racist remarks made by his officials in 2019, 42 in 2020 and 36 in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, Bolsonaro\u2019s open disregard for indigenous groups\u2019 human rights<\/a> and land<\/a> has received more attention. He also consistently took market-oriented decisions that benefit privileged groups<\/a>, including reduced export taxes and reducing protection of indigenous lands<\/a> against agribusinesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rather than a genuine belief, the Bolsonaro administration\u2019s denial of racism and discrimination may have been a strategy to push aside social problems and inequality. Admitting that they existed could have created obstacles<\/a> to his liberal agenda, which was supported by many major companies<\/a>, chain stores<\/a> and the agribusiness sector<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Favelas with Lula<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In contrast to Bolsonaro\u2019s \u201ccolourblind\u201d politics, my assessment is that Lula government<\/a> will strive to recognise Brazilians\u2019 diversity under a multicultural ideology, as was the case during his previous mandates. \u201cOur policies to increase employment must have a focus \u2013 not only on race but also on gender\u201d, a campaign representative confirmed recently<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the final weeks before the presidential election<\/a>, Lula dedicated his campaign to \u201cFavela com Lula\u201d (favelas with Lula) and visited the Complexo de Favelas do Alemao, in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian favelas<\/a> are ethnically diverse, with 67% of the 11.4 million residents self-reporting as black, while 32% perceive themselves as whites<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During his visit, he committed to measures<\/a> to protect stigmatised racial groups and residents of low-income regions<\/a> and the reduction of social inequalities<\/a>. These include affirmative policies such as quotas for racial minorities, housing and infrastructure targets in low-income regions, and a pledge to hold a national conference<\/a> focused on the people of the favelas in the country during his mandate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new government\u2019s multicultural ideology is reflected in its makeup. While Bolsonaro appointed only two women among his ministers, under Lula\u2019s administration, [11 women took office in January](https:\/\/aamazonia.com.br\/lula-completes-first-government-line-up-with-11-female-ministers-see-the-names-announced\/?lang=en], equivalent to one third of cabinet positions<\/a>. A highly symbolic choice for minister of racial equality<\/a> was Annielle Franco \u2013 she\u2019s the sister of councilwoman Marielle Franco, who was murdered in Rio de Janeiro and became a symbol of social, racial and gender violence in Brazil. Lula also broke the record of nominations for females and racial (e.g., black and indigenous) and sexual minorities in ministries since Brazilian\u2019s re-democratisation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The inauguration speech of Lula\u2019s new minister for human rights, the black philosopher S\u00edlvio Almeida, shows a drastic contrast with the colourblind ideas and values of the Bolsonaro government. Speaking on 3 January, he addressed minorities \u2013 women, black, the poor, and the LGBTQA+ individuals \u2013 directly: \u201cYou exist and you are valuable to us\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bras\u00edlia\u2019s siege heralds some of the challenges ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Whether this strategy has the potential to appeal to some of Bolsonaro\u2019s backers \u2013 including those who stormed government buildings on Sunday \u2013 remains to be seen. Certainly, the incumbent president\u2019s multicultural politics will face some challenges, with research showing they tend to leave privileged groups such as white individuals feeling excluded<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lula\u2019s administration must engage the whole society on its diversity and inclusion effort and fight a critical component in the success or failure of diversity initiatives: reactions of whites and wealthy individuals to diversity and inclusion. Like as in many other countries, whites are overrepresented in leadership and higher-paid jobs<\/a> in Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research shows that Lula\u2019s administration must create diversity messages, practices, and policies that appeal to minority and privileged groups without alienating either one. An improvement of the economic conditions for all groups in the society, especially for middle-income Brazilians, could best help Lula overcome the resistance to the inclusion of non-dominant groups in his administration\u2019s policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To minimise resistance to diversity-related programs, Lula\u2019s ministers could also help frame diversity in ways that help build a culture of inclusion. Here it will be vital to adjust campaign wording<\/a> by highlighting the benefits of such politics for all, whites and minorities alike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jorge Jacob<\/a>, Professor of Behavioral Sciences, I\u00c9SEG School of Management<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On 8 January, thousands of supporters of Brazil\u2019s defeated former president, Jair Bolsonaro, stormed the country\u2019s Congress, Supreme Court, and presidential offices, rallying against what they falsely claim was a rigged election. The scenes, which took place almost exactly two years after the US Capitol attack on 6 January 2021, when thousands of Donald Trump backers … After Bolsonaro supporters\u2019 siege in Brasilia, Lula must reunite society \u2013 and his approach could not be more different than his predecessor\u2019s<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[488],"tags":[305],"article-type":[12],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAfter Bolsonaro supporters\u2019 siege in Brasilia, Lula must reunite society \u2013 and his approach could not be more different than his\u00a0predecessor\u2019s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On 8 January, thousands of supporters of Brazil\u2019s defeated former president, Jair Bolsonaro, stormed the country\u2019s Congress, Supreme Court, and presidential offices..\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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